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Flexibility depends on strong executive control, particularly in terms of efficient shifting of attentional and cognitive resources to the processing of new information while inhibiting previous irrelevant information ( Miyake et al., 2000). In conclusion, the levels of brain signal variability might predict cognitive flexibility in a cognitive task, while HRV might predict cognitive flexibility only when it is mediated by neuronal oscillations.Ĭognitive flexibility refers to the ability to flexibly adapt processing to changing environmental information, to guide thought and behavior and to allow directed action toward a goal ( Cañas et al., 2003 Geurts et al., 2009 Dennis and Vander Wal, 2010 Ionescu, 2012). ANOVA confirms that HRV and variability in functional brain connectivity is related to cognitive performance.
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Partial correlations and multiple linear regressions suggest that the relation between HRV and CAMBIOS performance is mediated by neuronal oscillations. Our results show direct and inverse correlations among cognitive flexibility, connectivity (positive and negative task networks) and heartbeat variability. Furthermore, the sample was divided into groups according to CAMBIOS performance, and one-way ANOVA was applied to evaluate group differences. We calculated correlations, partial correlations and multiple linear regressions among HRV indices, functional brain connectivity variability and CAMBIOS scores. Thirty-eight right-handed students completed the CAMBIOS test, and their heart and EEG activity was recorded during 6 min in the resting state with their eyes open. The aim of this study was to determine whether heart rate variability (HRV) and variability in electroencephalographic (EEG) functional connectivity in the resting state are related to cognitive flexibility. The neurovisceral integration model proposes a neuronal network that is related to heart rate activity and cognitive performance. 3Research Institute of Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.2Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.1Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.Guzmán Alba 1, Jaime Vila 1, Beatriz Rey 2, Pedro Montoya 3 and Miguel Ángel Muñoz 1*